Friday, June 3, 2011

Coffee, cafe, Caffea arabica

Caffea is a genus consisting of over 90 species, 2 most common species are Caffea arabica and Caffea  canephora ( syn. Caffea robusta ). Coffee trees are natives of Ethiopia, where coffee beans were used since about 800 AD. Coffee as a drink started out in 15th century. In Europe, some of the first  coffee drinkers were  hardcore criminals since  the penalty for drinking coffee was death ( in Austria, during it's war with Turkey sometime in 16th century).
There are countless researches about health effects of coffee, both positive and negative. According to some legend, one of the medieval kings cancelled death penalty for some twins and made them drink  coffee and tea 3 times a day in their cells. They outlived the king and died sometime in their 70s, which was a very advanced age  for their time.
In 2009, 83 countries cultivated coffee and  8 342 736 tonnes of coffee  (green beans )were produced, a largest crop of coffee beans ever. That is 1 kg and 255 grams of green beans per capita.Roasting coffee makes it 10 to 25% lighter,  so it should be about 1 kg  or 2.2 pounds of roasted coffee per potential consumer per year.  So there is a cup of coffee for everybody out there, for every day of the year.Over the last 50 years , coffee bean production almost doubled, however  land usage did not increase significantly.  Still, over 6.35% of all permanent crop land in the world is used for coffee production, almost 10 million hectares. For Brazil, this number is 26.6%.
Biggest coffee producer is Brazil  with 2 440 060 tonnes as of 2009, biggest producer per capita is Colombia with  20.17 kg of coffee beans produced per capita. That is almost 47 grams of roasted coffee beans per day. Imagine that, a Colombian must  drink almost 7 cups of expresso per day to keep his national treasure at bay..

Average yield  of coffee beans was 847.7 kg per hectare in 2009, that is also the  highest yield ever ; lowest yield (since 1961) was in 1964, 384 kg per hectare. Individual record belongs to Tonga (1997)-- 3200 kg per hectare.
Prices , coffee robusta  ( with Vietnam as a largest producer/exporter) is about $2000-2100 per ton (about 1/3d of all coffee produced is robusta),  Coffee arabica is $2.51 per pound  in New York exchange market.


List of all articles at Ironrye:
 http://ironrye.blogspot.com/2011/10/list-of-all-articles-at-iron-rye.html

Production of green coffee beans by country:

item200720082009
Angola
Coffee, green
2160* 2280* 780*
Belize
Coffee, green
45 90F 70Im
Benin
Coffee, green
60* 62Im57Im
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Coffee, green
27012 27305 28270
Brazil
Coffee, green
2249010 2796930 2440060
Burundi
Coffee, green
29946 7305 25130
Cambodia
Coffee, green
371Im340Im373Im
Cameroon
Coffee, green
48240* 35242* 48123*
Cape Verde
Coffee, green

M
M
M
Central African Republic
Coffee, green
2400* 3300* 3600*
China
Coffee, green
26000F 26500F 27000F
Colombia
Coffee, green
757080 688680 887661
Comoros
Coffee, green
121Im111Im119Im
Congo
Coffee, green
4000F 4500F 3600Im
Cook Islands
Coffee, green
0F 0F 0F
Costa Rica
Coffee, green
124055 107341 91627
Côte d'Ivoire
Coffee, green
170849 80000* 150000*
Cuba
Coffee, green
13500* 6240* 7980*
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Coffee, green
31930 31900 24000*
Dominica
Coffee, green
405F 276Im376Im
Dominican Republic
Coffee, green
41232 39300F 39000F
Ecuador
Coffee, green
38687 32097 33624
El Salvador
Coffee, green
96355 89801 76591
Equatorial Guinea
Coffee, green
5625Im4500Im2700Im
Ethiopia
Coffee, green
325800* 273400 265469*
Fiji
Coffee, green
14Im13Im15F
French Polynesia
Coffee, green
12Im16F 16F
Gabon
Coffee, green
125F 107Im113Im
Ghana
Coffee, green
1860* 1620* 1500*
Guadeloupe
Coffee, green
30Im20Im27Im
Guatemala
Coffee, green
243599 248471 249275
Guinea
Coffee, green
26115 29880* 22500*
Guyana
Coffee, green
160F 177Im170Im
Haiti
Coffee, green
47000 35000 47667Im
Honduras
Coffee, green
201987 190137 205800*
India
Coffee, green
288000 262500* 289500*
Indonesia
Coffee, green
676475 682938 700000F
Jamaica
Coffee, green
3300F 2250Im3064Im
Kenya
Coffee, green
53368 42000 57000
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Coffee, green
33200 38985 46035
Liberia
Coffee, green
3180* 2400* 1800*
Madagascar
Coffee, green
67000F 59556Im65000F
Malawi
Coffee, green
1403 1122 4191
Malaysia
Coffee, green
30550 28690 30000F
Martinique
Coffee, green
42Im29Im39Im
Mauritius
Coffee, green

M
M
M
Mexico
Coffee, green
268565 265817 252000*
Mozambique
Coffee, green
1190Im1088Im1169Im
Myanmar
Coffee, green
4800 5900 6200F
Nepal
Coffee, green
460 500 268
New Caledonia
Coffee, green
21 33 7
Nicaragua
Coffee, green
100000 75957 91131
Nigeria
Coffee, green
2520* 2000* 1600*
Panama
Coffee, green
13790 13324 12961
Papua New Guinea
Coffee, green
58080 61680 60240
Paraguay
Coffee, green
3100F 3427Im3200F
Peru
Coffee, green
225992 273780 255016
Philippines
Coffee, green
97877 97428 96433
Puerto Rico
Coffee, green
8100F 5524Im7523Im
Rwanda
Coffee, green
14683 20724 28000*
Saint Lucia
Coffee, green

M
M
M
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Coffee, green
180F 200F 272Im
Samoa
Coffee, green
8F 8F 8F
Sao Tome and Principe
Coffee, green
26Im22Im23Im
Saudi Arabia
Coffee, green
0F 0F 0F
Sierra Leone
Coffee, green
20013Im20533Im18948Im
Spain
Coffee, green

M
M
M
Sri Lanka
Coffee, green
6050 5450 5410
Suriname
Coffee, green
10F 10F 10F
Thailand
Coffee, green
55660 50442 56315
Timor-Leste
Coffee, green
14000* 14500F 15893Im
Togo
Coffee, green
9300 8280* 8400*
Tonga
Coffee, green
22Im23Im22Im
Trinidad and Tobago
Coffee, green
60* 60* 600*
Uganda
Coffee, green
175346 211726 195871
United Republic of Tanzania
Coffee, green
54800 43100 68577
United States of America
Coffee, green
3400 3950 3630
Vanuatu
Coffee, green
13Im15F 15F
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Coffee, green
70311 72000 70000F
Viet Nam
Coffee, green
1251000* 1067400* 1176000*
Yemen
Coffee, green
18330 18788 18924
Zambia
Coffee, green
6418Im5869Im6308Im
Zimbabwe
Coffee, green
1860* 1620* 1740*
World + (Total)
Coffee, green
8158288A 8234589A 8342636A
My main sources are fao.org, usda.gov, cia.gov, alibaba.com. Thank you for your visit!


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